Coordinates	37°46′45.48″N122°25′9.12″N
Name	Media Control GfK International
Size	200px
Formation	1976
Type	Market research, Service Provider of Media Monitoring, Analysis and Evaluation
Headquarters	Baden Baden
Location	Germany
Leader title	Managing Director
Leader name	Ulrike Altig
Website	www.media-control.de }}

The official music charts in Germany are gathered and published by the company Media Control GfK International on behalf of Bundesverband Musikindustrie (Federal Association of Phonographic Industry). Media Control GfK International is the provider of weekly Top-100 single/album, Compilation, Jazz Top-30, Classic Top-20, Schlager Longplay Top-20, Music-DVD Top-20 and the official-Dance (ODC) Top-50 charts.

Official charts in Germany are presented by various companies who release charts on a weekly basis, online or on television. One example would be VIVA music channel which was founded in 1993. Another two examples would be MusicLoad and MIX 1 both of which are online associations who post almost all the charts on weekly bases published by Media Control GfK International. The entire batch of the official charts; however, is presented by online enterprise called Charts.de which happens to be the subsidiary of Media Control GfK International.

History

Charts have been published in Germany since 1959, in a magazine called ''Der Musikmarkt'' (The Music Market), which has played an important role in the German music industry. Since 1959, the growing desire for having a well developed music program has made ''Bunderverband Musikindustrie'' work together with charts provider to improve the way the charts were determined.

For this purpose, different research institutes were tested, out of which ''Media Control,'' based in Baden Baden was selected. Hence, the first official charts were made available in the magazine ''Der Musikmarkt'' in September 1977.

Initially, there used to be 50 positions only, which later in January 1980, was extended to 75 slots. Since 1989; however, Media Control has adapted the international standards providing 100 positions, called "Media Control Top 100". Since 2001, the Top-100 singles charts was modified to reflect the sales of the singles.

''Media Control'' developed "Music Video charts" in 2001, which later, in 2004, was renamed as "DVD charts". While Music-videos have their own separate charts, in 2001, Media Control made it possible for the Music-video singles to have the ability to enter the Top-100 singles chart. Similarly, in 2002, it was made available for the Music-video albums to chart on the Top-100 album chart, if the Video album contains at least 50% of audio recording. If not, then, the DVD album could qualify for DVD chart only. In the same vein, if an audio CD contains at least 50% of Video recording, then, it could qualify to chart on the DVD chart.

In 2004, Germany became one of the first music markets wherein sales charts were reflected by online digital downloads.

Digital-only releases came into existence on July 13, 2007 for online downloads only, which also altered the way the sales figures were conducted up to that point. Consequently, chart positions would no longer be affected by the number of sold music downloads as before, but rather, they would be affected by the sales value of the sold product. Thus, the best-selling albums would not necessarily be the ones ending up in the number one position on the charts.

There are currently 3000 outlets that report their sales on weekly bases in Germany. The weekly sales data is transmitted to Media Control via communication network channel, ''PhonoNet''.

Categories

List of charts that are provided by Media Control.

Top 100 Singles

Top 100 Albums

Top 100 Compilation Charts

Daily Trends (Top 150 singles and albums, top 50 compilation)

Download Charts (singles and albums)

Top 30 Jazz Charts

Top 20 Classic Charts

Top 20 Schlager Longplay Charts

Top 20 Music video Charts

Top 20 Newcomer Charts

Top 20 Independent Charts

Top 10 Comedy Charts

Top 50 ODC (Official Dance Charts)

See also

Bundesverband Musikindustrie

List of number one hits in Germany

List of best-selling singles by year (Germany)

References

External links

Category:German record charts

az:Media Control Charts cs:Media Control Charts da:Top 100 Singler (Tyskland) de:Media-Control-Charts es:Media Control Charts fr:Media Control Charts hr:Media Control Charts it:Media Control Charts lt:Media Control Charts mk:Media Control Charts nl:Musikmarkt Top 100 pl:Media Control Charts pt:Media Control Charts ru:Media Control Charts sk:Media Control Charts sr:Media Control Charts fi:Media Control Charts sv:Media Control Charts uk:Media Control Charts vi:Media Control Charts

Coordinates	37°46′45.48″N122°25′9.12″N
alt	A mid-twenties African American man wearing a sequined military jacket and dark sunglasses. He is walking while waving his right hand, which is adorned with a white glove. His left hand is bare.
background	solo_singer
birth name	Michael Joseph Jackson
alias	Michael Joe Jackson, MJ, King of Pop
birth date	August 29, 1958
birth place	Gary, Indiana, U.S.
death date	June 25, 2009
death place	Los Angeles, California, U.S.
instrument	vocals, guitar, drums, percussion, keyboards
genre	R&B, pop, rock, soul, dance, funk, disco, new jack swing
occupation	Singer-songwriter, musician, composer, dancer, choreographer, record producer, actor, businessman, philanthropist
years active	1964–2009
label	Motown, Epic, Legacy
associated acts	The Jackson 5
relatives	Janet Jackson (sister)
website	130pxMichael Jackson's signature }}

Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American recording artist, entertainer, and businessman. Often referred to as the King of Pop, or by his initials MJ, Jackson is recognized as the most successful entertainer of all time by Guinness World Records. His contribution to music, dance, and fashion, along with a much-publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades. The seventh child of the Jackson family, he debuted on the professional music scene along with his brothers as a member of The Jackson 5, then the Jacksons in 1964, and began his solo career in 1971.

In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music. The music videos for his songs, including those of "Beat It", "Billie Jean", and "Thriller", were credited with transforming the medium into an art form and a promotional tool, and the popularity of these videos helped to bring the relatively new television channel MTV to fame. Videos such as "Black or White" and "Scream" made him a staple on MTV in the 1990s. Through stage performances and music videos, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk, to which he gave the name. His distinctive musical sound and vocal style have influenced numerous hip hop, post-disco, contemporary R&B, pop and rock artists.

Jackson's 1982 album ''Thriller'' is the best-selling album of all time. His other records, including ''Off the Wall'' (1979), ''Bad'' (1987), ''Dangerous'' (1991), and ''HIStory'' (1995), also rank among the world's best-selling. Jackson is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice. He was also inducted into the Dance Hall of Fame as the first (and currently only) dancer from the world of pop and rock 'n' roll. Some of his other achievements include multiple Guinness World Records; 13 Grammy Awards (as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award); 26 American Music Awards (more than any other artist, including the "Artist of the Century"); 13 number-one singles in the United States in his solo career (more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era); and the estimated sale of over 750 million records worldwide. Jackson won hundreds of awards, which have made him the most-awarded recording artist in the history of popular music.

Life and career

Early life and The Jackson 5 (1958–1975)

Michael Jackson was born on August 29, 1958, the eighth of ten children in an African American working-class family who lived in a small 3-room house in Gary, Indiana, an industrial city near Chicago. His mother, Katherine Esther Scruse, was a devout Jehovah's Witness, and his father, Joseph Walter "Joe" Jackson, was a steel mill worker who performed with an R&B band called The Falcons. Jackson had three sisters: Rebbie, La Toya, and Janet, and five brothers: Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, and Randy. A sixth brother, Brandon, died shortly after birth.

Jackson had a troubled relationship with his father, Joe. In 1980, Jackson won three awards at the American Music Awards for his solo efforts: Favorite Soul/R&B Album, Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist, and Favorite Soul/R&B Single for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough". That year, he also won Billboard Year-End for Top Black Artist and Top Black Album and a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance, also for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough". Jackson again won at the American Music Awards in 1981 for Favorite Soul/R&B Album and Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist. Despite its commercial success, Jackson felt ''Off the Wall'' should have made a much bigger impact, and was determined to exceed expectations with his next release. In 1980, he secured the highest royalty rate in the music industry: 37 percent of wholesale album profit.

''Thriller'' and ''Motown 25'' (1982–83)

In 1982, Jackson contributed the song "Someone In the Dark" to the storybook for the film ''E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial''; the record won a Grammy for Best Recording for Children in 1984. In the same year he won another seven Grammys and eight American Music Awards (including the Award of Merit, the youngest artist to win it), making him the most awarded in one night for both award shows. The album topped the ''Billboard'' 200 chart for 37 weeks and was in the top 10 of the 200 for 80 consecutive weeks. It was the first album to have seven ''Billboard'' Hot 100 top 10 singles, including "Billie Jean", "Beat It," and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'." ''Thriller'' was certified for 29 million shipments by the RIAA, giving it Double Diamond status in the United States. The album won also another Grammy for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical in 1984, awarding Bruce Swedien for his work. Thanks to the ''Bad'' album, Bruce Swedien and Humberto Gatica won one Grammy in 1988 for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical and Michael Jackson won one Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form for "Leave Me Alone" in 1989. ''HIStory'' received a Grammy nomination for Album of the Year. However, the sales for ''Invincible'' were lower than those of his previous releases, due in part to a lack of promotion, no supporting world tour and the label dispute. The album also came out at a bad time for the music industry in general. Jackson rehearsed in Los Angeles in the weeks leading up to the tour under the direction of choreographer Kenny Ortega. Most of these rehearsals took place at the Staples Center, which was owned by AEG. With ''Thriller'', Christopher Connelly of ''Rolling Stone'' commented that Jackson developed his long association with the subliminal theme of paranoia and darker imagery. Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted this is evident on the songs "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'". In "Billie Jean", Jackson sings about an obsessive fan who alleges he has fathered a child of hers. In "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" he argues against gossip and the media. "Beat It" decried gang violence in an homage to ''West Side Story'', and was Jackson's first successful rock cross-over piece, according to Huey. He also observed that the title track "Thriller" began Jackson's interest with the theme of the supernatural, a topic he revisited in subsequent years. In 1985, Jackson co-wrote the charity anthem "We Are the World"; humanitarian themes later became a recurring theme in his lyrics and public persona.

In ''Bad'', Jackson's concept of the predatory lover can be seen on the rock song "Dirty Diana". The lead single "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" is a traditional love ballad, while "Man in the Mirror" is an anthemic ballad of confession and resolution. "Smooth Criminal" was an evocation of bloody assault, rape and likely murder. Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that ''Dangerous'' presents Jackson as a very paradoxical individual. He comments the album is more diverse than his previous ''Bad'', as it appeals to an urban audience while also attracting the middle class with anthems like "Heal the World". The first half of the record is dedicated to new jack swing, including songs like "Jam" and "Remember the Time". The album is Jackson's first where social ills become a primary theme; "Why You Wanna Trip on Me", for example, protests against world hunger, AIDS, homelessness and drugs. ''Dangerous'' contains sexually charged efforts such as the multifaceted love song, "In the Closet". The title track continues the theme of the predatory lover and compulsive desire. The second half includes introspective, pop-gospel anthems such as "Will You Be There", "Heal the World" and "Keep the Faith"; these songs show Jackson opening up about various personal struggles and worries. In the ballad "Gone Too Soon", Jackson gives tribute to his friend Ryan White and the plight of those with AIDS.

''HIStory'' creates an atmosphere of paranoia. Its content focuses on the hardships and public struggles Jackson went through just prior to its production. In the new jack swing-funk-rock efforts "Scream" and "Tabloid Junkie", along with the R&B ballad "You Are Not Alone", Jackson retaliates against the injustice and isolation he feels, and directs much of his anger at the media. In the introspective ballad "Stranger in Moscow", Jackson laments over his "fall from grace", while songs like "Earth Song", "Childhood", "Little Susie" and "Smile" are all operatic pop pieces. In the track "D.S.", Jackson launched a verbal attack against Tom Sneddon. He describes Sneddon as an antisocial, white supremacist who wanted to "get my ass, dead or alive". Of the song, Sneddon said, "I have not—shall we say—done him the honor of listening to it, but I've been told that it ends with the sound of a gunshot". ''Invincible'' found Jackson working heavily with producer Rodney Jerkins. It is a record made up of urban soul like "Cry" and "The Lost Children", ballads such as "Speechless", "Break of Dawn" and "Butterflies" and mixes hip-hop, pop and R&B in "2000 Watts", "Heartbreaker" and "Invincible".

Vocal style

Jackson sang from childhood, and over time his voice and vocal style changed noticeably. Between 1971 and 1975, Jackson's voice descended from boy soprano to high tenor. Jackson first used a technique called the "vocal hiccup" in 1973, starting with the song "It's Too Late to Change the Time" from The Jackson 5's ''G.I.T.: Get It Together'' album. Jackson did not use the hiccup technique— somewhat like a gulping for air or gasping— fully until the recording of ''Off the Wall'': it can be seen in full force in the "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" promotional video. With the arrival of ''Off the Wall'' in the late 1970s, Jackson's abilities as a vocalist were well regarded. At the time, ''Rolling Stone'' compared his vocals to the "breathless, dreamy stutter" of Stevie Wonder. Their analysis was also that "Jackson's feathery-timbred tenor is extraordinarily beautiful. It slides smoothly into a startling falsetto that's used very daringly". 1982 saw the release of ''Thriller'', and ''Rolling Stone'' was of the opinion that Jackson was then singing in a "fully adult voice" that was "tinged by sadness".

A distinctive deliberate mispronunciation of "come on", used frequently by Jackson, occasionally spelled "cha'mone" or "shamone", is also a staple in impressions and caricatures of him. The turn of the 1990s saw the release of the introspective album ''Dangerous''. ''The New York Times'' noted that on some tracks, "he gulps for breath, his voice quivers with anxiety or drops to a desperate whisper, hissing through clenched teeth" and he had a "wretched tone". When singing of brotherhood or self-esteem the musician would return to "smooth" vocals. When commenting on ''Invincible'', ''Rolling Stone'' were of the opinion that—at the age of 43—Jackson still performed "exquisitely voiced rhythm tracks and vibrating vocal harmonies". Nelson George summed up Jackson's vocals by stating "The grace, the aggression, the growling, the natural boyishness, the falsetto, the smoothness—that combination of elements mark him as a major vocalist".

Music videos and choreography

Referred to as the King of Music Videos, Steve Huey of Allmusic observed how Jackson transformed the music video into an art form and a promotional tool through complex story lines, dance routines, special effects and famous cameo appearances; simultaneously breaking down racial barriers. Before ''Thriller'', Jackson struggled to receive coverage on MTV, allegedly because he was African American. Pressure from CBS Records persuaded MTV to start showing "Billie Jean" and later "Beat It", leading to a lengthy partnership with Jackson, also helping other black music artists gain recognition. MTV employees deny any racism in their coverage, or pressure to change their stance. MTV maintains that they played rock music, regardless of race. The popularity of his videos on MTV helped to put the relatively young channel "on the map"; MTV's focus shifted in favor of pop and R&B. His performance on ''Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever'' changed the scope of live stage show; "That Jackson lip-synced 'Billie Jean' is, in itself, not extraordinary, but the fact that it did not change the impact of the performance is extraordinary; whether the performance was live or lip-synced made no difference to the audience" thus creating an era in which artists re-create the spectacle of music video imagery on stage. Short films like ''Thriller'' largely remained unique to Jackson, while the group dance sequence in "Beat It" has frequently been imitated. The choreography in ''Thriller'' has become a part of global pop culture, replicated everywhere from Indian films to prisons in the Philippines. The ''Thriller'' short film marked an increase in scale for music videos, and has been named the most successful music video ever by the ''Guinness World Records''.

In the 19-minute music video for "Bad"—directed by Martin Scorsese—Jackson began using sexual imagery and choreography not previously seen in his work. He occasionally grabbed or touched his chest, torso and crotch. When asked by Oprah in the 1993 interview about why he grabbed his crotch, he replied, "I think it happens subliminally" and he described it as something that was not planned, but rather, as something that was compelled by the music. "Bad" garnered a mixed reception from both fans and critics; ''Time'' magazine described it as "infamous". The video also featured Wesley Snipes; in the future Jackson's videos would often feature famous cameo roles.

}} ;Bibliography

George, Nelson (2004). ''Michael Jackson: The Ultimate Collection'' booklet. Sony BMG.

Further reading

External links

Michael Jackson Live: Best Pics – slideshow by ''Life magazine''

Michael Jackson at MTV

FBI file on Michael Jackson

Category:1958 births Category:2009 deaths Category:African American dancers Category:African American male singers Category:African American record producers Category:African American singer-songwriters Category:American beatboxers Category:American businesspeople Category:American child singers Category:American choreographers Category:American dance musicians Category:American dancers Category:American disco musicians Category:American male singers Category:American boogie musicians Category:American pop singers Category:American rhythm and blues singers Category:American rock singers Category:American soul singers Category:American tenors Category:American vegetarians Category:Boy sopranos Category:Brit Award winners Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale) Category:Drug-related deaths in California Category:English-language singers Category:Epic Records artists Category:Expatriates in Bahrain Category:Former Jehovah's Witnesses Category:Grammy Award winners Michael Jackson Category:Manslaughter victims Category:Motown artists Category:Musicians from Indiana Category:People acquitted of sex crimes Category:People from Gary, Indiana Category:People from Santa Barbara County, California Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees Category:Songwriters from Indiana Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees Michael Jackson Category:World Music Awards winners Category:People charged with child sexual abuse Category:Grammy Legend Award

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Coordinates	37°46′45.48″N122°25′9.12″N
name	Rip Torn
birth name	Elmore Rual Torn, Jr.
birth date	February 06, 1931
birth place	Temple, Texas, U.S.
occupation	Actor
years active	1956–present
spouse	Ann Wedgeworth''(1955–61; divorced, 1 child)''Geraldine Page''(1963–87; her death, 3 children)''Amy Wright''(1989–present, 2 children)'' }}

Elmore Rual "Rip" Torn, Jr. (born February 6, 1931), is an American actor of stage, screen and television.

Torn received an Academy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actor for his role in the 1983 film ''Cross Creek''. His work includes the role of Artie, the producer, on ''The Larry Sanders Show'', for which he was nominated for six Emmy Awards, winning in 1996. Torn also won an American Comedy Award for Funniest Supporting Male in a Series, and two CableACE Awards for his work on the show, and was nominated for a Satellite Award in 1997 as well.

Early life

Torn was born Elmore Rual Torn, Jr. in Temple, Texas, the son of Thelma Mary (née Spacek) and Elmore Rual Torn, an agriculturalist and economist. Being given the name "Rip" is a family tradition of men in the Torn family for several generations. It was given to him by his father, who was also called Rip; although as a young child and teenager he was referred to as "Skippy". He is the brother of Sam Torn, who is the owner of Camp Ozark. He graduated from Texas A&M University in 1952. He was a member of the Texas A&M Corps of Cadets and is a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity.

Film career

Following graduation from Texas A&M, Torn relocated from his native Texas to Hollywood, making his debut in the 1956 film ''Baby Doll''. Torn then headed to New York where he studied at the Actors Studio under Lee Strasberg, becoming a prolific stage actor, appearing in the original cast of Tennessee Williams' play ''Sweet Bird of Youth'', and reprising the role in the film and television adaptations. While in New York, Torn introduced his cousin, the Oscar-winning actress Sissy Spacek, to the entertainment business, and helped her enroll in Strasberg's Actors Studio.

One of his earliest roles was in the film ''Pork Chop Hill'', playing the brother-in-law of Gregory Peck's character. He also played an uncredited role in ''A Face in the Crowd'' as Barry Mills, touted as the down-home successor to Andy Griffith's megalomaniacal TV star Lonesome Rhodes. In 1957 Torn played "Jody", a young man trying to avenge the death of his father in an early episode so titled of John Payne's NBC western television series, ''The Restless Gun''. He also played an arrogant young thief on ''Alfred Hitchcock Presents'' – the episode is entitled, "Number Twenty-Two". Rip also played Judas Iscariot in MGM's ''King of Kings'' released in 1961.

In 1963 he appeared as a graduate student with multiple degrees at fictitious Channing College in the ABC drama ''Channing'' starring Jason Evers and Henry Jones. That same year, he appeared as Roy Kendall in the episode "Millions of Faces" in the ABC medical drama about psychiatry, ''Breaking Point'' with Paul Richards. In 1964 Torn appeared as Eddie Sanderson in the episode "The Secret in the Stone" of the NBC psychiatric drama, ''The Eleventh Hour'' with Ralph Bellamy and Jack Ging. That same year, he appeared in the premiere of the short-lived CBS drama ''The Reporter'', starring Harry Guardino as a New York City journalist. In 1965 he portrayed Colonel Royce in the "The Lorelei" episode of ''12 O-Clock High (TV series)''.

He has been a character actor in numerous films since then, including roles such as those of New Orleans blackmailer Slade opposite Steve McQueen and Karl Malden in 1965's ''The Cincinnati Kid'' or the gruff boss Agent Zed in ''Men in Black''.

The part of lawyer George Hanson in the Peter Fonda-Dennis Hopper road movie ''Easy Rider'' was written for Torn by Terry Southern (who was a close friend), but according to Southern's biographer Lee Hill, Torn withdrew from the project after he and co-director Dennis Hopper got into a bitter argument in a New York restaurant. On the Tonight Show in 1994, Hopper said that the argument ended with Torn pulling a knife – a statement that was later rescinded. As a result, Torn was replaced by Jack Nicholson, whose appearance in the film catapulted him to stardom.

Torn portrayed a psychiatrist who installed a hidden camera in his New York office to record his own mental breakdown in ''Coming Apart'' (1969). In 1972 he won rave reviews for his portrayal of a country & western singer in the cult film ''Payday''. In 1976 he starred in the cult classic science fiction movie ''The Man Who Fell to Earth''. In 1979 Torn along with Conchata Ferrell starred in the Richard Pearce directed film "Heartland" about early homestead life in western America. He received an Academy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actor for his role in the 1983 film ''Cross Creek''.

In 1988 he ventured into directing with the offbeat comedy ''The Telephone'', starring Whoopi Goldberg. The screenplay was written by Terry Southern and Harry Nilsson, and the film was produced by their company Hawkeye. The story, which focused on an unhinged, out-of-work actor, had been written with Robin Williams in mind. After he turned it down, Goldberg expressed a strong interest, but when production began Torn reportedly had to contend with Goldberg constantly digressing and improvising, and he had to plead with her to perform takes that stuck to the script. Goldberg was backed by the studio, who also allowed her to replace Torn's chosen DP, veteran cinematographer John Alonzo, with her then-husband. As a result of the power struggle, Torn, Southern and Nilsson cut their own version of the film, using the takes that adhered to the script, and this was screened at the Sundance Film Festival, but the studio put together a rival version using other takes and it was poorly reviewed when it premiered in January 1988. In 1990 he played the ultra-hawkish Colonel Fargo in the cold war drama ''By Dawn's Early Light''. In 1991 he portrayed Albert Brooks' defense attorney in the comedy ''Defending Your Life''. In 1993 Torn played the OCP CEO in the science fiction film, ''Robocop 3'', and was Gord's dad, James "Jim" Brody, in ''Freddy Got Fingered''.

Stage career

Broadway

Torn has appeared in ten Broadway plays, and directed one. He made his feature Broadway debut in 1959, when he played Tom Junior in ''Sweet Bird of Youth'', for which he won a Theater World Award, also receiving a Tony Award nomination. He returned next in 1962 in the play ''Daughter of Silence'' as Carlo, following that with a role in the 1963 production of ''Strange Interlude''. In 1964, he played Lyle Britten in ''Blues for Mister Charlie'', and four years later he was Roberto in ''The Cuban Thing'' for its only performance on September 24, 1968. In 1971 he played Edgar in ''Dance of Death'', and directed his first Broadway play in 1973: ''Look Away''. He played The Son in the Broadway revival of ''The Glass Menagerie'' in 1975, and five years later played Don in ''Mixed Couples''. Torn was absent from Broadway for thirteen years, but returned in 1993 to play Chris Christopherson in ''Anna Christie''. In his last Broadway appearance he played Will Kidder in ''The Young Man from Atlanta'' in 1997.

Off Broadway

Torn made his feature Off Broadway acting debut as Eben Cabot in the play ''Desire Under the Elms'', followed by Peter in ''The Kitchen'' at the 81st Street Theatre. His third Off Broadway role was Marion-Faye-A-Pimp in ''The Deer Park'', for which he won the 1967 Obie Award for Distinguished Performance. He performed at the Lucille Lortel Theatre in the play ''Dream of a Blacklisted Actor'', and later in the Joseph Papp Public Theater's Anspacher Theater as William McLeod in ''Barbary Shore''. He last acted Off Broadway at the American Place Theatre as Henry Hackamore in the play ''Seduced''.

Torn's Off Broadway debut as director was for the Evergreen Theater with the play ''The Beard''; he won the 1968 Obie for Distinguished Direction for that work. He next directed ''The Honest-to-God Schnozzia'' at the Gramercy Arts Theater, followed by Strindberg's ''Creditors'' and ''The Stronger'' – in which he also acted beside he wife at the time, Geraldine Page and his future wife, Amy Wright – in the Anspacher Theater of the Joseph Papp Public Theater. Torn and Page also co-produced that production, and had previously presented the two plays along with ''Miss Julie'' at the off-off-Broadway Hudson Guild Theatre'' the year before.

''The Larry Sanders Show''

From 1992 to 1998 Torn played veteran television producer "Artie" on the HBO series ''The Larry Sanders Show'', a satire about celebrity-driven Hollywood talk shows. For his work, Torn received six consecutive Emmy award nominations as Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series and won the award once (1996). Torn is the only actor on the show who won an Emmy Award for his work. Other than the Emmys, Torn received two American Comedy Awards nominations for Funniest Male Performance in a Series, winning once, and two CableACE Awards for his work on the show.

Later career

Following ''The Larry Sanders Show'', Torn has appeared in many comedic roles in films such as ''Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story'', ''Freddy Got Fingered'', ''Canadian Bacon'' and ''Rolling Kansas'', as well as dramatic roles in films such as ''The Insider'' and ''Marie Antoinette''. Torn is also known for his voice work, and has done voice-overs for many animated films. He lent his voice to the Jerry Seinfeld film ''Bee Movie''.

In 2007 and 2008 Torn made five guest appearances on the Emmy-award winning NBC comedy ''30 Rock'' as the fictional Chief Executive Officer of General Electric, Don Geiss. He was nominated for an Emmy Award in the category for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series, but lost to Tim Conway, who also guest starred in the same sitcom. Torn's character was reportedly killed off as a direct result of his 2010 arrest, though Tina Fey denied this in a DVD commentary. Torn voiced the character of Hephaestus in the 2010 video game, God of War III. He will also star once again as Chief Zed on the film Men in Black III.

Personal life

Family

Torn has been married 3 times and has 6 children:

Torn was married to actress Ann Wedgeworth from 1956 to 1961 with whom he had a daughter, Danae Torn.

After his divorce from Wedgeworth, he married the Oscar-winning actress Geraldine Page in 1963. Page and Torn remained married until her death in 1987. They had three children: Tony Torn, Jon Torn (an Electronic Media and Film teacher at Northern Arizona University) and actress Angelica Torn. Torn apparently delighted in the fact that their country estate was called Torn Page.

His first cousin, Sissy Spacek, lived with Torn and Page when she first moved to New York (circa 1966) to pursue a show business career. Torn helped her enroll in the Actors Studio.

He currently is married to actress Amy Wright with whom he has two children, Katie and Claire.

Legal troubles

In January 2004 Torn was arrested in New York City after his car collided with a taxi. A video of his arrest in which he curses at officers and angrily refuses a breathalyzer test was aired on television news outlets. In October 2004 a jury acquitted Torn of any wrongdoing.

In December 2006 Torn was again arrested for drunk driving in North Salem, New York, after colliding with a tractor trailer. In April 2007 Torn pleaded guilty and had his drivers license suspended for 90 days and was required to pay a $380 fine.

On December 14, 2008, Torn was again arrested on suspicion of drunk driving. A bartender at the White Hart Inn in Salisbury, Connecticut reportedly served Torn, but apparently noticed he appeared intoxicated as he was leaving the establishment, according to a police report. Torn reportedly refused a ride home and got into his vehicle with a Christmas tree tied on top and drove away. He was convicted and sentenced to probation in May 2009.

On January 29, 2010, Torn was arrested after breaking into a closed Litchfield Bancorp branch office in Lakeville, Connecticut, where Torn maintains a residence. He was charged with carrying a firearm without a permit, carrying a firearm while intoxicated, first-degree burglary, second-degree criminal trespassing and third-degree criminal mischief. The Connecticut State Police said that Torn broke into the bank thinking it was his home. On February 1, 2010, Torn appeared in court where his attorney, A. Thomas Waterfall, told the judge that his client needed help with his alcohol abuse and that he could start treatment immediately in New York state. Torn was released on $100,000 bail. As a condition of his release, the judge said Torn must be evaluated for substance abuse.

On August 11, 2010, Torn was denied special probation which would have allowed his name to be cleared of charges. The judge in the case cited Torn's history of alcohol abuse, and the possession of a loaded weapon while intoxicated, which carries a minimum one-year sentence.

On-set conflicts

Appearing as an interview subject in Studs Terkel's 1974 oral-history book ''Working'', Torn confessed, "I have certain flaws in my make-up. Something called irascibility. I get angry easily. I get saddened by things easily."

While filming ''Maidstone'' (1970) Torn, apparently unhappy with the film, struck director and star of the film Norman Mailer in the head with a hammer. With the camera rolling, Mailer bit Torn's ear and they wrestled to the ground. The fight continued until it was broken up by cast and crew members as Mailer's children screamed in the background. The fight is featured in the film. Although the scene may have been planned by Torn, the blood shed by both actors is real, and Torn was reportedly truly outraged by Mailer's direction.

In 1999 Torn filed a defamation lawsuit against Dennis Hopper over a story Hopper told on ''The Tonight Show with Jay Leno''. Hopper claimed that Torn pulled a knife on him during pre-production of the film ''Easy Rider'' (1969). According to Hopper, Torn was originally cast in the film but was replaced with Jack Nicholson after the incident. According to Torn's suit, it was actually Hopper who pulled the knife on him. A judge ruled in Torn's favor and Hopper was ordered to pay $475,000 in damages. Hopper then appealed but the judge again ruled in Torn's favor and Hopper was required to pay another $475,000 in punitive damages.

Filmography

:''See Filmography of Rip Torn''

References

;Notes

External links

Rip Torn at The TV IV

Production: Anna Christie - ''Working in the Theater Seminar'' video at American Theatre Wing.org, January 1993

Category:1931 births Category:Living people Category:People from Temple, Texas Category:Actors from Texas Category:Texas Republicans Category:American film actors Category:American film directors Category:American stage actors Category:American television actors Category:American voice actors Category:Texas A&M University alumni

cy:Rip Torn da:Rip Torn de:Rip Torn es:Rip Torn fr:Rip Torn it:Rip Torn he:ריפ טורן nl:Rip Torn ja:リップ・トーン no:Rip Torn nds:Rip Torn pl:Rip Torn pt:Rip Torn ro:Rip Torn ru:Торн, Рип sh:Rip Torn fi:Rip Torn sv:Rip Torn tl:Rip Torn

Coordinates	37°46′45.48″N122°25′9.12″N
Name	Herman Cain
Office	Chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City
Term start	1995
Term end	1996
Predecessor	Burton A. Dole, Jr
Successor	A. Drue Jennings
Office2	Deputy Chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City
Term start2	1992
Term end2	1994
Predecessor2	Burton A. Dole, Jr
Successor2	A. Drue Jennings
Birth date	December 13, 1945
Birth place	Memphis, Tennessee, US
Residence	Sandy Springs, Georgia, US
Occupation	BusinessmanRadio hostColumnist
Party	Republican
Spouse	Gloria Cain
Children	Melanie Cain and Vincent Cain
Religion	National Baptist
Alma mater	Morehouse College (B.A.)Purdue University (M.S.)
Website	hermancain.com }}

Herman Cain (born December 13, 1945) is an American businessman, politician, columnist, and radio host from Georgia. He is the former chairman and CEO of Godfather's Pizza and a former deputy chairman (1992–94) and chairman (1995–96) of the board of directors to the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. Before his business and economics career he worked as a mathematician in ballistics for the United States Navy. Cain's newspaper column is distributed by North Star Writers Group. He lives in the Atlanta suburbs, where he also serves as a minister at Antioch Baptist Church North.

In January 2011, Cain announced he had formed an exploratory committee for a potential presidential campaign for the Republican presidential nomination in 2012, and on May 21, 2011, Cain officially announced his candidacy.

Background

Cain was born in Memphis, Tennessee, on December 13, 1945, the son of Lenora (née Davis) and Luther Cain, Jr. His mother was a cleaner and his father was a chauffeur. He was raised in Georgia. He graduated from Morehouse College in 1967 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics and received a Master of Science degree in computer science from Purdue University in 1971, while he was also working full-time in ballistics for the U.S. Department of the Navy. Cain has authored four books: ''Leadership is Common Sense'' (1997), ''Speak as a Leader'' (1999), ''CEO of SELF'' (October 2001), and ''They Think You're Stupid'' (May 2005). He also authored an article titled "The Intangibles of Implementation" in the technical journal ''Interfaces'' (Vol. 9, No. 5, 1979, pp. 144-147), published by the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS).

Business career

After completing his master's degree from Purdue, Cain left the Department of the Navy and began working for The Coca-Cola Company as a business analyst. In 1977, he joined Pillsbury where he rose to the position of Vice President by the early 1980s. He left his executive post to work for Burger King – a Pillsbury subsidiary at the time – managing 400 stores in the Philadelphia area. Under Cain's leadership, his region went from the least profitable for Burger King to the most profitable in three years. This prompted Pillsbury to appoint him President and CEO of Godfather's Pizza, another of their then-subsidiaries. Within 14 months, Cain had returned Godfather's to profitability. In 1988, Cain and a group of investors bought Godfather's from Pillsbury. Cain continued as CEO until 1996, when he resigned to become CEO of the National Restaurant Association – a trade group and lobby organization for the restaurant industry – where he had previously been chairman concurrently with his role at Godfather's.

Cain became a member of the board of directors to the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City in 1992 and served as its chairman from January 1995 to August 1996, when he resigned to become active in national politics. Cain was a 1996 recipient of the Horatio Alger Award.

Cain was on the board of directors of Aquila, Inc. from 1992 to 2008, and also served as a board member for Nabisco, Whirlpool, Reader's Digest, and AGCO, Inc.

Media work

Cain serves as a commentator for Fox Business; he is also a syndicated columnist distributed by the North Star Writers Group. Until February 2011, Cain hosted ''The Herman Cain Show'' on Atlanta talk radio station News Talk 750 WSB, a Cox Radio affiliate. In 2009, Cain founded "Hermanator's Intelligent Thinkers Movement" (HITM), aimed at organizing 100,000 activists in every congressional district in the United States in support of a strong national defense, the FairTax, tax cuts, energy independence, capping government spending, and restructuring Social Security.

Political activities

Role in the defeat of the Clinton health care plan

Cain publicly opposed the 1993/1994 health care plan of President Bill Clinton and First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton. As president-elect of the National Restaurant Association, he challenged Bill Clinton on the costs of the employer mandate contained within the bill and criticizing its effect on small businesses. Cain has been described as one of the primary "saboteurs" of the plan: :The Clintons would later blame "Harry and Louise," the fictional couple in the ads aired by the insurance industry, for undermining health reform. But the real saboteurs are named Herman and John. Herman Cain is the president of Godfather's Pizza and president-elect of the National Restaurant Association. An articulate black entrepreneur, Cain transformed the debate when he challenged Clinton at a town meeting in Kansas City, Mo., last April. Cain asked the president what he was supposed to say to the workers he would have to lay off because of the cost of the "employer mandate." Clinton responded that there would be plenty of subsidies for small businessmen, but Cain persisted. "Quite honestly, your calculation is inaccurate," he told the president. "In the competitive marketplace it simply doesn't work that way." Joshua Green of ''The Atlantic'' has called Cain's exchange with Clinton his "auspicious debut on the national political stage."

1996 Senior Advisor of Dole/Kemp Campaign

Cain was a senior economic advisor to the Dole/Kemp presidential campaign in 1996.

2000 presidential campaign

Cain briefly ran for the Republican presidential nomination in 2000; he says it was more about making political statements than winning the nomination. "George W. Bush was the chosen one, he had the campaign DNA that followers look for." However, Cain went on to state, "I believe that I had a better message and I believe that I was the better messenger."

2004 U.S. Senate candidacy

In 2004, Cain ran for the U.S. Senate in Georgia, pursuing the seat that came open with the retirement of Democrat Zell Miller. Cain sought the Republican nomination, facing congressmen Johnny Isakson and Mac Collins in the primary. Cain and Collins both hoped to deny Isakson a majority on primary day in order to force him into a runoff. Collins tried to paint Cain as a moderate, citing Cain's support for affirmative action programs, while Cain argued that he was a conservative, noting that he opposed the legality of abortion even in cases of rape and incest. Cain finished second in the primary with 26.2% of the vote, ahead of Collins, who won 20.6%, but because Isakson won 53.2% of the vote, Isakson was able to avoid a runoff.

2012 presidential candidacy

In 2010, "Cain addressed more than 40 Tea Party rallies, hit all the early presidential states, and became a YouTube sensation." In April, he teased the audience at the Southern Republican Leadership Conference about his being a possible 2012 presidential candidate by saying that there may be a "dark horse candidate." On September 24, 2010, Cain announced that he was considering a run for president in 2012 on the Republican Party ticket. "In December, he was the surprise choice for 2012 GOP nominee in a reader poll on the conservative Web site RedState.com, narrowly edging out [Sarah] Palin."

Cain announced the formation of a presidential exploratory committee on January 12, 2011 on the Fox News Channel program ''Your World with Neil Cavuto''.

Cain supports a non-federally subsidized efficient economic stimulus, saying: "We could grow this economy faster if we had bolder, more direct stimulus policies," criticizing President Barack Obama's stimulus plan as simply a "spending bill" instead of meaningful stimulus through permanent tax cuts.

In February 2011, Cain addressed the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC). Ed Morrisey of the conservative website Hot Air said he "stole the show" and that some attendees were moved to tears by the speech. In contrast, liberal website AlterNet accused Cain of pandering to white conservatives and referred to him and other black conservatives as "garbage pail kids". Cain called the news website's attacks racist and condemned its "shameful behavior".

A number of comments made by Cain regarding his attitudes towards Muslim people have caused controversy. He has stated that he was "uncomfortable" when he found that the surgeon operating on his liver and colon cancer was Muslim, later explaining "based upon the little knowledge that I have of the Muslim religion, you know, they have an objective to convert all infidels or kill them". Following a number of such comments, he was asked in March 2011 if he would feel comfortable appointing a Muslim to his administration or as a Judge. Cain said "No, I will not ... There's this creeping attempt, there's this attempt, to gradually ease Shariah Law, and the Muslim faith into our government. It does not belong in our government" and he went on to cite court cases in Oklahoma and New Jersey as evidence. He was criticized for this remark by conservatives at Grover Norquist's weekly Wednesday Gatherings, one of whom called the remark "frightening." Cain's statement was also criticized as "bigotry" and "muslim bashing" from CAIR, whose spokesperson stated "It would be laughable if it weren't having such a negative impact on the lives of Muslim Americans". Cain opposed the building of an Islamic Center for a Muslim community at a site in Tennessee, claiming that it was "an infringement and an abuse of our freedom of religion" and "just another way to try to gradually sneak Shariah law into our laws". Defending himself against the suggestion that this would be bigotry or discrimination during an interview with Chris Wallace, he defended his position, saying "I'm willing to take a harder look at people who might be terrorists, that's what I'm saying".

In an interview with Bloomberg view, Cain argued that he is a 'black American' rather than an 'African American' on account of being able to trace his ancestors within the US, describing Barack Obama as "more of an international...look, he was raised in Kenya, his mother was white from Kansas and her family had an influence on him, it’s true, but his dad was Kenyan". Interviewer Jeffrey Goldberg pointed out that Obama had spent 4 years of his childhood abroad, and that it was in Indonesia – not Kenya, at which point Cain revised his claim.

On May 5, 2011 Fox News presented a presidential campaign debate. Cain was one of five potential candidates who participated. (The others were Tim Pawlenty, Ron Paul, Gary Johnson and Rick Santorum as the higher-profile candidates declined Fox's invitation.) Cain was declared the winner by pollster Frank Luntz after a show of hands among 29 debate witnesses who were chosen by Fox to act as a post-performance focus group.

On June 3, 2011, an Insider-Advantage poll showed Cain leading the field of Republican primary candidates among Georgia Republicans. A July 2011 Zogby poll showed Cain in second place nationally, with 18% of the vote, behind Michele Bachmann and ahead of Romney.

Political positions

Personal life

Religious involvement

Cain is an associate minister at Antioch Baptist Church North in Atlanta, which he joined at the age of 10. The church is part of the National Baptist Convention, USA.

Cancer

In 2006, Cain was diagnosed with Stage IV cancer in both his colon and his liver. Cain underwent surgery and chemotherapy following the diagnosis, and has since reported that he is cancer-free.

Race

Cain has shared first-hand accounts of racial discrimination. In a YouTube video uploaded by his campaign, he describes the experience of sitting behind the white/black demarcation on buses. He also talks about the experience of taking turns with his brother, standing watch as each took a drink from the "white" side of a segregated water fountain in a department store.

Honorary degrees

Cain is the recipient of eight honorary degrees from Creighton, Johnson & Wales, Morehouse College, Nebraska, New York City Technical College, Purdue, Suffolk University, and Tougaloo College.

References

External links

Herman Cain, President 2012 official campaign website

Column archives at the North Star Writers Group

Profile at ''Forbes''

Watch Herman Cain Battle Bill Clinton on Health Care, Joshua Green, ''The Atlantic'', January 2011, with Profile

Category:1945 births Category:Living people Category:African American United States presidential candidates Category:African American radio personalities Category:American businesspeople Category:American chief executives Category:American columnists Category:American political writers Category:American talk radio hosts Category:Colorectal cancer survivors Category:Georgia (U.S. state) Republicans Category:Morehouse College alumni Category:People from Atlanta, Georgia Category:People from Memphis, Tennessee Category:Purdue University alumni Category:Radio personalities from Atlanta, Georgia Category:United States presidential candidates, 2012 Category:Businesspeople from Tennessee

cs:Herman Cain de:Herman Cain fa:هرمان کاین fo:Herman Cain hsb:Herman Cain ja:ハーマン・ケイン no:Herman Cain simple:Herman Cain sv:Herman Cain

Carol Miller (born 1933, Los Angeles, California) is an American author and sculptor. She has been a sculptress for over forty years, with some two hundred exhibits to her credit. She has been a writer all her life.

Her career in professional journalism began at age fifteen. A correspondent for LIFE Magazine in Mexico (1962-64), syndicated travel writer, translator, scholar, film and art critic, magazine editor, lecturer, photographer, gastronome, she has also worked for ad agencies, public relations firms, craft centers and archaeological projects. She has produced close to 30 books, a number of them published in both English and Spanish, which have evolved out of her extensive research and travel, first among Maya sites in Mexico and then distant, often related, cultures around the world, with a special focus on archaeology and history. Her articles on the Greek world in the Sunday Travel Section of the now-defunct Mexico City News, published during the 70’s and 80’s, earned her the title of Honorary Cultural Attaché for the Greek Embassy in Mexico, and the nickname of “Athenea”.

Her career in the arts, and particularly as a sculptress, won her the “Superior Academic Order” from the Accademio Internazionale Greci-Marino in Vinzaglio, Italy. In 2004 this order was raised to “Honorary National Councilor for Mexico” in recognition of her overall contribution to the arts, specifically in sculpture and letters. She is a member of the Society for American Archaeology (SAA) where she has served as a perennial member of the Media Relations Committee; and is a research consultant at the Institute for Maya Studies in Mexico. She serves on the Advisory Board of Exploring Solutions Past (ESP): The Maya Forest Alliance, with the El Pilar Archaeological Reserve for Maya Flora and Fauna in Belize. A resident of Mexico for over fifty years, she lives with her husband, designer and art restorer Tomás González, in Mexico City. She has two children, Fausto and Dushka Zapata.

Books by Carol Miller

''Saudade'' (Poetry)

''Politics and the Labor Movement in Latin America'', by Victor Alba (English translation for Stanford University Press) ISBN 0804701938

''The Unfinished Experiment, Democracy in the Dominican Republic'', by Juan Bosch (English translation for Praeger, New York)

''Reindorf'', by Alfonso de Neuvillate (English translation for Alpine Fine Arts Books)

''El Profeta Alado'' (with Dra. Guadalupe Rivera Marín)

''The Winged Prophet, From Hermes to Quetzalcoatl'' (with Guadalupe Rivera Marín, for Samuel Weiser, USA)

''Mundo Maya, Viajes'' (Editorial El Día, Mexico City)

''Más Viajes en el Mundo Maya, la Península de Yucatán, Belice y El Salvador'' (Editorial de la Lotería Nacional, Mexico City)

''El Pilar, An Archaeological Reserve For Maya Flora and Fauna'' (with Dr. Anabel Ford), published by the Ford Foundation.

''Belize, An Interruption of the Jungle'', for the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico

''Haciendas Henequeneras de México'' (translation of texts by Juan E. García and Alberto Davidoff, as well as original text, “Henequen, A *''Gift and a Curse'', by Carol Miller)

''Dolores Olmedo Patiño (1908-2002)'', translation to English of text by María Eugenia de Lara Rangel, Museo Dolores Olmedo Patiño, Mexico City, 2004

''Henry Moore en México'', translation to Spanish of text by Toby Treves of the Tate Gallery, London, for the Museo Dolores Olmedo Patiño, Mexico City, 2005.

"Robert Motherwell", translation to Spanish of text by the Walker Art Institute of Minneapolis, for the Museo Dolores Olmedo, 2008

"The Dolores Olmedo Museum", translation English-Spanish, Spanish-English of 7 texts for the museum catalog, 2008.

"American Modernism", translation to Spanish of text by the Walker Art Institute of Minneapolis and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, for the Museo Dolores Olmedo, 2009.

"James Ensor", translation to Spanish of text from the Royal Fine Arts Museum of Antwerp, Belgium, for the Museo Dolores Olmedo, Mexico City, 2010

The Sculptural Space'', translation to English of 14 texts for the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 2010

References

Category:American sculptors Category:1933 births Category:Living people Category:American poets Category:American women writers Category:American journalists

es:Carol Miller